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Salanoia durrelli
''Salanoia durrelli'', also known as Durrell's vontsira,〔Gill, 2010〕 is a Madagascan mammal in the family Eupleridae of the order Carnivora. It is most closely related to the brown-tailed mongoose (''Salanoia concolor''), with which it forms the genus ''Salanoia''. The two are genetically similar, but morphologically distinct, leading scientists to recognize them as separate species. After an individual was observed in 2004, the animal became known to science and ''S. durrelli'' was described as a new species in 2010. It is found only in the Lac Alaotra area.
A small, reddish-brown carnivore, ''Salanoia durrelli'' is characterized by broad feet with prominent pads, reddish-buff underparts, and broad, robust teeth, among other differences from the brown-tailed mongoose. In the only two weighed specimens, body mass was 600 g and 675 g (21 and 24 oz). It is a marsh-dwelling animal that may feed on crustaceans and mollusks. The Lac Alaotra area is a threatened ecosystem, and ''S. durrelli'' may also be endangered by competition with introduced species.
==Taxonomy==
An individual ''Salanoia durrelli'' was observed swimming in 2004 by the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust (DWCT) during a survey of bamboo lemurs (''Hapalemur'') in the Lac Alaotra area, the largest wetlands of Madagascar. The animal was captured, photographed, and then released, but examination of the photograph showed that it could not be identified with any known species of Malagasy carnivoran (family Eupleridae). Therefore, two specimens were caught in 2005 by the DWCT. One was killed to facilitate additional morphological comparisons.〔Durbin et al., 2010, p. 342〕 In 2010, it was formally described as ''Salanoia durrelli'' in a paper by conservationist Joanna Durbin and a team of scientists from the Climate, Community & Biodiversity Alliance, Nature Heritage, the Natural History Museum, Conservation International, and the DWCT.〔Durbin et al., 2010, p. 341〕 The specific name, ''durrelli'', honors Gerald Durrell, a noted conservationist and the founder of the DWCT.〔Durbin et al., 2010, p. 346〕 Previously, local villagers had already reported the presence of a small carnivoran at Alaotra, and it was speculated that the animal was the closely related brown-tailed mongoose (''Salanoia concolor'').〔Garbutt, 1999, p. 140〕
''Salanoia durrelli'' was placed in the genus ''Salanoia'', which previously included only the brown-tailed mongoose of eastern Madagascar. ''S. durrelli'' shows substantial morphological differences from the brown-tailed mongoose, but the mitochondrial DNA of the two species is very similar.〔Durbin et al., 2010, pp. 345–346〕 The discoverers chose to recognize the Lac Alaotra population as a separate species in view of its significant morphological differentiation. The observed morphological distinctiveness might be result of adaptations to life in the Alaotra wetlands, similar to the Alaotra bamboo lemur species, ''Hapalemur alaotrensis'', which is also recognized as a distinct species despite being genetically close to the more widespread ''Hapalemur griseus''.〔Durbin et al., 2010, pp. 351–352〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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